12.8.2 Logical operators

Logical operators act on the individual bits of ordinal expressions. Logical operators require operands that are of an integer type, and produce an integer type result. The possible logical operators are listed in table (12.4).


Table 12.4: Logical operators

OperatorOperation


not Bitwise negation (unary)
and Bitwise and
or Bitwise or
xor Bitwise xor
shl Bitwise shift to the left
shr Bitwise shift to the right


<< Bitwise shift to the left (same as shl)
>> Bitwise shift to the right (same as shr)



The following are valid logical expressions:

A shr 1  { same as A div 2, but faster}  
Not 1    { equals -2 }  
Not 0    { equals -1 }  
Not -1   { equals 0  }  
B shl 2  { same as B * 4 for integers }  
1 or 2   { equals 3 }  
3 xor 1  { equals 2 }

When performing logical operations, it should be noted that: